These AGVs carry individual loads on their platform, often with a flat deck or a conveyor top. They are ideal for moving pallets, boxes, or totes. For example, a unit-load AGV might move pallets of finished goods from a packaging line to an ASRS entry point.

• Specifications: Typically carry up to 1-2 tons, move at speeds around 1–2 m/s (slow when loaded for safety), and can have lift mechanisms if needed (some have scissor lifts for pickup/drop-off).
• Navigation: Can be laser-guided (reflectors on walls) or magnetic/QR guide paths.

These are essentially robotic forklifts capable of lifting and stacking pallets. They can pick up pallets from the floor or racks and transport them. They have sensors to align with pallets and forks that lift like a standard forklift (heights vary; some can reach the second level of racking). This type is popular in warehouses to replace manual fork trucks for tasks like pallet moves and truck loading.

• Capacity: Ranges widely – 1 to 3 tons typical.
• Navigation: Often use laser navigation for flexibility.

These AGVs pull one or more non-powered carts (like a train). Often used in manufacturing for line-side delivery – e.g., an AGV tug pulling carts loaded with parts from the warehouse to assembly stations on a scheduled route (the “milk run” concept).

• Capacity: Can tow significant weight (several tons depending on the number of carts).
• Navigation: Follow fixed routes marked by magnetic tape or wires in many cases.

For lighter loads (components, trays, smaller bins), we also offer compact AGVs which are closer to AMRs (Autonomous Mobile Robots). These might navigate freely (without fixed paths) but serve similar purposes, like delivering parts or picking up mail bins in an office. One common form is an AGV with a robotic arm on top for item picking in warehouses. While these blur the line with AMRs, we categorize guided vehicles that follow specific paths or use infrastructure as AGVs.

In some industries (automotive, electronics), AGVs are used as moving assembly platforms. These are low-profile carts that carry products down an assembly line, moving from station to station at a controlled pace (often following a wire or magnetic strip). They replace traditional conveyor belts and allow for flexible assembly layouts.